The Western Tarsier, also named as Horsfield’s Tarsier, scientific name Cephalopachus bancanus, is the only species of the genus Cephalopachus that occurs in Borneo, Sumatra and nearby islands, and like other members of the group, is completely nocturnal. This article will give an overview of Horsfield’s tarsier or Western Tarsier.
Physical Description of Western Tarsier
The color of the Western Tarsier varies from pale-olive or reddish-brown to pale or dark gray-brown, possibly with age. Based on the 12 samples collected, measurements from head to body range are 121-1515 mm.
Western Tarsier has a very long tail on the tarsier that can reach 181 to 224mm and is hairless with a bunch of hair at the end.
Each leg of this species has two grooming nails. The fingers are very long and the tips have pads on them. The toes have flat nails, excluding the second and third toes, which contain nails similar to nails.
It has large eyes that do not reflect light. The ear membrane of the Western Tarsier is thin and almost empty. The molasses of this species are high-pitched and nearly triangular. Horsefield’s tarsier denture is 2: 1: 3: 3 in the upper jaw and 1: 1: 3: 3 in the lower jaw.
Accommodation and distribution
Western Tarsier is found in southern Sumatra, Borneo and nearby islands in Tarsia.
Bornean subspecies, c. B. Bornannas, Saba, Brunei, Sarawak, and many lowlands in western Kalimantan and known above 900 meters above the Kelvitt coast in northern Sarawak.
Other records show it from Kutai and Peleben in eastern Kalimantan and Tanjung Maruay in central Kalimantan. Western Tarsier species can live in both primary and secondary forests and lives in forests along the coast or at the edge of the plantation.
Behavior and Ecology
Western Tarsier sleeps in a jungle in climbers or climbers at altitudes of 3.5 or 5 meters a day. Western Tarsier prefers to stand at an angle of 1 to 4 cm in diameter at 5 degrees from the shrubs, rest, or standing tree trunk and sleeps alone.
Before sunset, the Western Tarsier wakes up and wait 10 to 20 minutes before wandering around the Understory and forcing 1.5 to 2 hours of food a night. Horsefield’s tarsier can be found up to a height of 7 meters or more above ground level.
Horsefield’s Tarshiyar in Sarawak
Western Tarsier species is carnivorous. It mainly feeds on beetles, grasshoppers, cockroaches, butterflies, moths, praying monti, ants, fossils, and cicadas, but members of the genus Tephazus can also feed on small vertebrates such as bats (chiroptera), the short-nosed beetles (noses). Brachyitis), and stained winged fruit bats (Ballyoncetris maculata) and snakes, in which poisonous snakes are said to have been eaten According to flour.
For example, the venomous snake Maticora intralis was proven to have been hunted by this species. Western Tarsier has also been found to devour birds, including spiderhunters, warblers, kingfishers, and pests.
Western Tarsier initially detects the victim by sound, and when blowing, the victim grabs the victim’s chess with his hand, bites the victim’s back and dies while closing his eyes.
Western Tarsier will work from the victim to the head and work down to the bottom of the body. This species breeds water from pools or steam and from bamboo leaves or tree trunks when water flows, both drinking and getting water.
Horsefield’s tarsier, like all torsioners, is a vertical cleanser and litter known for its extraordinary jumping ability.
A person will mainly support himself with his legs and because of the pads on the legs, the tail uses enough force to hold it in separate positions without using too many hands. Except at rest, the hands are usually not placed above his nose.
The hands are simply held upwards to maintain a separate position. Other locomotives used by the species include climbing, walking around, hopping and “cantilevering”
Except for Western Tarsier monologue, with the frequency of a single synthesis during estrus once per night.
Courtship calls are carried out by men, and during opening and closing of the mouth, he extracts 2-5 incisions.
This call occurs within 5 minutes of looking at the woman. Once a man calls her court, she will show him the genitalia if the woman is acceptable.
If the woman is not on the esterus, she will propagate a distress call that often bites and pushes the male away.
The call of both sexes takes on average 5 seconds, and the interval between calls is 3 seconds.
Children are born with their eyes open and fully enlightened and are able to marry them on their own. The mother Western Tarsier would take her baby to her mouth and when she hung up for food, the mother would place the baby in a branch.
Children are most often clicked to listen: “K”, “TK”, “key”, or a quick “cueh” and can be heard when the baby is alone or in a cool state.
The mother uses high-pitched calls. Keeping in touch with their children. Legs have been shown to be used as support when children first rest for 7-10 days.
Young people leave their limits at the beginning of adolescence and find their own territory.
In this species, social decoration occurs only in mothers and infants with their toes clamped and their wings removed, their faces avoiding dead skin and parasites. Mouths are wiped clean on the branches and it reinforces social bonding.
Horsefield’s tarsier identifies the aromatic region of urine and glandular erosion in a layer while scratching the surface with its toenails.
Preservation status
The rapid loss of Western Tarsier habitat as a result of forest conversion, oil plow cultivation, fire, and logging is a cause for concern.
Further, the Western Tarsier is also collected for the illegal pet trade and is mistakenly considered pests in agricultural crops. It can be directly and indirectly affected by the use of agricultural pesticides.
Western Tarsier is listed as vulnerable to the IUCN Endangered Species Red List of I-I, listed in CITES Appendix II and protected by law in Indonesia and Malaysia.
On February 27, the governments of Brunei, Malaysia, and Indonesia agreed to protect some 220,000 km2 (85,000 square miles) of tropical forests in the “Heart of Borneo” area. The environmental group was particularly active in setting up WWF protected zones.
In the “Heart of Borneo” project, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a role in promoting critical initiatives and helping intermediate countries to conceptualize, design and implement them.
Inter-border countries are tasked with improving biodiversity conservation in Bornean production forests and ensuring that such forests do not simply convert to agricultural land such as oil-palm gardens after logging.
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